Guide on Individual Counseling

Guide on Individual Counseling There was a time when counseling was associated with those who have extreme mental and psychological problems. If someone is so problematic to the point of depression, they are advised to sign up for counseling.But times have changed, and the perception on the concept has certainly evolved as well. In fact, it is no longer uncommon to see companies and large corporations integrating counseling in their employee or workforce welfare programs. Yes, counseling has become a part of corporate culture, and more and more people are now recognizing the benefits that counseling can provide. © Shutterstock | ScandinavianStockThis guide walks you through 1) what counseling is, 2) common misconceptions about counseling, 3) what is individual counseling, and 4) tips on how to make the most out of individual counseling.COUNSELING OVERVIEWThere are so many definitions of counseling floating around, some more complicated than others. It was described by Burks and Steffire as a way to “help clients understand and clarify their views of their lifespace, and to learn to reach their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution or problems of an emotional or interpersonal nature”.Feltham and Dryden further added to that, describing counseling as a “relationship characterized by the application of psychological theories and a recognized set of communication skills”. The American Counseling Association gave a clearer definition when it said that counseling is a “professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.”In simpler terms, counseling has been defined as the act of offering or providing clients with advice which will, in turn, be used as a guide in making important decisions. The advice is offered by professionals known as counselors in a counseling session or meeting agreed upon by both parties. It used to be that people resort to counseling because there is a problem that needs to be solved, and that they may come across the solution to that problem while speaking with their counselors.These days, there doesn’t have to be a pressing problem that needs to be solved before a client approaches a counselor. Counseling can be undertaken even if there is no problem that needs an immediate solution.In order to recognize the importance of counseling, it would be a good idea to take a look at the results that can be achieved from counseling.The client becomes more self-aware, gaining deeper insight of herself . This understanding promotes greater self-acceptance and appreciation, thus encouraging her to further improve on her strengths and good points, and change for the better where necessary.The client’s set of values and beliefs, which were thought to be permanent and set in stone, are challenged and become more open to change. This makes more room for flexibility, allowing the client to be more adaptable and adjustable to change. As a result, the person is more open to changing her way of thinking, behaving and feeling.Along with self-awareness, the client also becomes more aware of the people around her. She gains a better understanding of other people â€" why they do what they do, what motivates them and what is important to them. This increased sensitivity and understanding paves the way towards building and maintaining stronger relationships.The client will be empowered to set goals and go about accomplishing them. Counseling helps them gain clarity and urge them to come up wit h strategies and ideas that will let them achieve their goals.The client’s health will also benefit. Many claim that, after counseling sessions, they feel significantly lighter, and their stress levels significantly reduced.The client obtains the opportunity to make amends for past wrongs that she has committed, or forgive wrongs done by others against her. Again, this will promote goodwill among people, and the client will have improved relations with others.Learn more about the general counselling process from this video. Counseling has been proven to be most effective for individuals who are dealing with any of the following:Addiction and abuse (alcohol, drugs, and other vices)Adjustment issues (moving to a new place, starting a new job or at a new school)AngerDepression and anxietyEating disordersGender identityGrief over losses (death, relationship breakups, bankruptcy)Physical abuse and traumaRelationship problems (with family, friends, workmates)StressFrom the list above, o ne would conclude that clients who seek counseling are those who undergo extreme circumstances. However, that is no longer the case, as counseling can also be sought by those who do not have what most people would refer to as “big” problems.MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT COUNSELINGBefore we go any further, let us first address some mistaken notions about what counseling really is.#1  Counseling tells you what decisions to make.It’s true that counseling involves the provision of advice. However, this advice is only offered as a form of guidance. At the end of the day, it is the client who will make the decision, basing on the realizations arrived to as a result of the guidance offered during counseling.#2  Counseling will sort out all your problems.Again, counseling is not a solution. Rather, it is a means to arrive at a solution. Do not expect to have your problems worked out if you spend time with a professional counselor, and do not go to a counselor fully expecting him to hand out so lutions for your problems.#3  Counseling works in the same way for everyone.Counseling does not have a one-size-fits-all approach. Any professional counselor would tell you that there different circumstances being experienced by different clients. This means there has to be different approaches towards solving each one of them. It’s actually very rare to find two clients facing the exact same problems.INDIVIDUAL COUNSELINGCounseling comes in many different types and forms, depending on several factors. They can be differentiated as to the reason or purpose of counseling, such as career counseling, grief counseling, couples counseling and family counseling. When it comes to the mode of delivery or method of execution, we can classify them as either face-to-face sessions, sessions conducted over the telephone or via other forms of correspondence. However, the most common classification would be whether it is done in groups or one-on-one.Individual vs. Group CounselingAs the phrase i mplies, group counseling involves a group or people faced with the same or similar issues. They will put their heads together and work together to tackle those issues. A classic example would be group counseling for recovering alcoholics. In some cases, couples in the middle of divorce or a child custody dispute are also likely to undergo group counseling, working under the assumption that there is strength in numbers. Family counseling also falls under the group counseling category, since it involves more than one member of the family and the counselor working together to face an issue that affects all of them.It is different with individual counseling where there are only two people in the room: the counselor and the client. The focus is the individual â€" his concerns, his issues, and his goals. It involves one-on-one dialogues between the client and the counselor, and they take on the role of partners.The decision on whether to choose group counseling or individual counseling wi ll largely depend on the preference of the client, and the nature of the problem or issues that he or she is facing.Advantages and Disadvantages of Individual CounselingSome prefer individual counseling more than group counseling and vice versa, and there are a lot of factors affecting that preference. The reasons for this may be determined once we have identified the advantages of individual counseling.+ Individual counseling guarantees confidentiality. Confidentiality is an essential element of counseling. Professional counselors are just like medical practitioners in the sense that they, too, are bound by patient-doctor confidentiality terms. They are not supposed to divulge any information shared by their clients with them. In one-on-one counseling sessions, there is a greater assurance that any information shared by the client will remain between the two of them. This is not something that is guaranteed in a group counseling session, considering that there are other people, bes ides you and the counselor, who will also be privy to everything that will be discussed during the session.+ Individual counseling is more flexible. Counselors have different approaches in conducting these therapy sessions. If there is only one client, it will be easier to tailor the approach in a way that is most suitable for the client, unlike in a group setting, where you have to consider more than one person. Counselors will find more freedom in the individual setup, since they can work on isolated issues as they see fit.+ Individual counseling ensures focused attention of the counselor. There is only one client, so the counselor’s full attention will be on that client for the duration of their scheduled counseling session.+ Individual counseling allows clients to be comfortable. There are many people who are not comfortable talking about their personal problems in groups, even if the other people in the group are already known to them. The tendency of this discomfort is that they won’t be able to open up fully during counseling and they will tend to withhold some information. When it is just the client and the counselor, with no one else listening in and probably judging, these people will be able to express themselves more fully and comfortably.Of course, it would not be fair not to consider the disadvantages of individual counseling. There is a high risk of getting too personal or emotionally involved. Remember that there is only the counselor and the client working together. There is a risk that the client will end up relying greatly on the counselor and developing an emotional attachment to her, and vice versa. This could be a potential problem when it comes to objectivity in making decisions. The results are too focused on one person only: the client. Since the client is the one sharing experiences, her input is the only one that will be taken into consideration during the discussion. Others are excluded. For example, if an individual who is unde rgoing relationship trouble with a spouse decided to undergo individual counseling, the issues are tackled without the input or point-of-view of the other person involved in the relationship. As a result, the decision that will be made at the end is likely to be a bit one-sided. Counselors may have limited knowledge. There is a possibility that the counselor does not have prior knowledge or experience about an issue that is being dealt with by the client. If they were in a group setting, the counselor can derive input from other people with similar situations in the group and make deductions from there. As it is, there is no one else in an individual counseling setting, so this limitation comes up strongly.TIPS ON UNDERGOING INDIVIDUAL COUNSELINGBe prepared. Physically, mentally, and psychologically.When you sign up for counseling, expect that you will be sharing a bit of yourself. You may even end up baring your soul. For many people, this is a difficult thing to do, which is why t here is a need for mental preparation. You have to be prepared to expose yourself to another person, who may even be a complete stranger prior to your first meeting as counselor and client.You should also be ready for your beliefs, values, and preconceptions to be challenged. And they will be, so make sure you are prepared for it. Counseling also involves tapping into one’s emotions, so be prepared to express your emotions. This may be especially difficult for individuals with closed-off personalities and introverts who do not express themselves openly. But if you are determined to make a success out of your individual counseling, then you should make an effort at this.Know what you need.From the beginning, you have to be fully aware of the problem that you want help with. You have to be clear on your goals in undergoing counseling and spending money on it. What do you want to accomplish? What do you expect from the counselor? What will it take for the counseling session to be a s uccess?Knowing this will give you a push in the right direction. Always keep your eye on that goal so you can move directly towards it.Find a good counselor or therapist.Make sure that the person who will be your counselor is someone you can trust. Look into her:Qualifications. Look into the basics, such as educational credentials and certifications.Reputation. Tap into her professional circles and see whether she has had any problems with clients before, especially concerning confidentiality.Track record. You should also look into who her other clients are, both in the past and the present. You may even ask other clients how she is as a counselor.Do not hesitate to ask questions; that is your right. If, during the first meeting, you do not feel comfortable with the counselor, it is your prerogative to keep looking for another one. Do not force yourself. Besides, keep in mind that, in order for the counseling therapy to be successful, you have to be able to build rapport with your c ounselor. If the signs point to the opposite direction, don’t hesitate to look for someone else.Keep an open mind.This may be difficult for many, but at least try. You enter counseling to hear what you are supposed to, not what you want to. Going in, you are assumed to be in a state of readiness to hear and face truths that may hurt you or may be hard for you to accept. That is part of counseling.Along with keeping an open mind, you have to learn to adapt some willingness â€" willingness to effect changes, willingness to adapt, and willingness to accept that, perhaps, you were wrong about something.Be patient.Counseling is a process, which means there are steps or progressions. You cannot expect results or changes overnight, no matter how much you wish for it. A single two-hour counseling session may pass by without any tangible results. Again, there is no definite period or number of hours for an issue to be resolved. You need to be patient and give time for the results to show u p.You also have to know that counseling can go from a few weeks to several years, depending on the nature of the counseling or the specific need of the client. You also have to be prepared to undergo counseling for an indefinite period, if necessary.Make that call. Set up that appointment.This is probably the most difficult step â€" the first one. You have been contemplating going to counseling for a problem that has been bugging you for a long time, giving you sleepless nights and restless days, and draining energy out of your lifein general. You might also apprehensive about talking to a stranger about your problems. Or you could be having some doubts about whether the session will be able to help you in the long run or not. Maybe you have trust issues, because what if others find out that you are seeing a counselor and undergoing therapy?Get over these fears. Face the fact that you have issues and problems, and that you need help, and you need it RIGHT NOW. Call up the counselor that you have researched thoroughly on and set that appointment. Once you do, make sure that you keep it.

The Harlem Renaissance A Golden Age Of African American...

Back in Baltimore The Harlem Renaissance was a golden age in African American culture where white America started to recognize the contributions of blacks in culture, social, and artistic aspects. Humanitiestexas.org states, â€Å"Traditionally the Harlem Renaissance was viewed primarily as a literary movement centered in Harlem and growing out of the black migration and the emergence of Harlem as the premier black metropolis in the United States. Music and theater were mentioned briefly, more as background and local color, as providing inspiration for poetry and local color for fiction.† Writers like Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Countee Cullen were all poet who played enormous roles during the Harlem Renaissance. Countee Cullens†¦show more content†¦Although at the time, racism, discrimination, and social justice was still a huge issues going on around the world, Martin and Thomas thought as each other as equal, and didn t pay attention to the fact that the y were different races. The first part of the movie refers to the first stanza of the poem â€Å"Incident† by Countee Cullen. As Cullen wrote â€Å"Once riding in old Baltimore, / Heart-filled, head-filled with glee,† (1-2). Making Martin as happy as can be, especially when he’s with Thomas will be emphasized in the movie. The next part of the movie will involve Martin taking a bit of a stand, which ends up causing a turning point. Martin ends up questing Thomas as to why they never go to his house. Martins mother is always very welcoming to Thomas, offering him what ever she was able to afford for food. While out one day Martin asks if they can go to Thomas house after. Thomas becomes extremely nervous and starts to make up different excuses. When Martin becomes upset Thomas finally agrees to warns him that his parents won t be very welcoming. They arrive at Thomas house, and it was the biggest house Martin has ever seen. Shortly after walking in, Thomas intro duces Martin to his parents. Thomas mom looked at Martin, whispered something to his dad and walks away. A few seconds after Thomas’ brother came to the door. Thomas’ brother was about a year older than Martin and Thomas. He quickly looked at his parents, and back at Martin and said â€Å"He’s a ‘Nigger’†Show MoreRelatedHarlem Renaissance Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a significant historical movement that originated in Harlem, New York and helped establish the city as an African American cultural center. This period, which lasted from the 1910s to the mid 1930s, is considered a golden age for African American music, art, literature, and performance. 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Improving The Quality Of Life On A Global Standard

The organization, Aletheia, strives to improve the quality of life on a global standard. They work within various fields and have a strong team composed of individuals from different backgrounds that allows for a multitude of capabilities. Aletheia, as stated on their Facebook page, â€Å"strives to bring light to dark places by partnering with government, industry, civil society, and international organizations to develop and coordinate durable solutions to persistent social challenges.† They work within country development, environmental management, food security, human rights, peace building, and public health. The organization is young and is still developing its roots but has a lot of great potential. The organization recruits their workers from various backgrounds such as the military, law experience, strong non-profit organizations, academic careers, and more. They work together, with the help of today’s technology, to create macro-solutions to hard pressing inte rnational issues in territories such as, Africa, Asia, Latin America, Middle America, and Oceania. Within the many fields that Aletheia has worked on, they are currently developing awareness and projects that will combat human trafficking on a national and global level. Sex trafficking is a major issue in all countries, and the public is generally unaware of what to do to protect themselves and their loved ones. Some of the work that Aletheia is developing will be combined with other non-profit organizations,Show MoreRelatedThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome involved with the IEEE during their careers and help in developing new and beneficial technologies. 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Local environment in forest park district, Wuhan Free Essays

Thesis statement: Barbecues have negative impacts on the environment because barbecues polluted the air and lake and also harmed the ecosystem in the forest park by decreasing the area of habitats and number of species. Abstract: The purpose of this research was to find the influence that human had in this area. The methods of this research were to investigate the local environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Local environment in forest park district, Wuhan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The findings of this research were show the quality of the air and water and some living things in this area. The result of this research was to determine that the pollution was caused by human activities. The conclusion of this research was that human should do something to protect the environment. Introduction:  The purpose of this report was to find the influence that human had in this area. The five measurable objectives were the quality of air, water, soil, the population in this area and the number of plants or animals. The location is forest park district, Wuhan. The thesis statement of this report is that if want to access the human impact on the area and the area is measured and then the human impact can be determined. Methodology:  First of all, a map of PengLai Park was drawn and be explained. Then two trees, two bushes and two animals were being classified and searched on the internet. A food web and a food chain were not observed. After that, detailed the plants and animals distribution by using the quadrant method. Firstly, a 10m time’s 10m box was made up by two l0 meters long ropes. And then, the locations of each box which used in this research were recorded. Thirdly, the number of organisms that existed in the box were counted by four people and be recorded. After that, a picture of the location and all the things that appear in the box was been taken. By using the eyes and noses to determine the quality of the local air, water, and soil. The things that have done to the area in terms of pollution were by looking around their behavior. Findings:  Sands and clays have been found and the road was made up with cements. The majority plants exist in the park Chinese Sweet Gum and Zelkova  Schneiderina. A large amount of plants in this park were planted by human. The majority plants exist in the park were birdsand cats and human being. There was few living animals exist in the pool, nevertheless, there were still some aquatic plants exist in the pool. The food chain and food web was not observed. The local quality of air, water and soil were not very well because the environment is polluted by human effect such as smoking. Besides, there were lots of garbage throws by the neighbors who live nearby and nobody clean them in time. What is more, the water in the pool was really smells bad so that we can found out the quality of water is poor. Last but not least, some plants show the poor quality of the soil and it was damaged seriously. In a word, the local environment was damaged and polluted. According the data from these two tables, they show that the average amount of the plants b is 5, and the average amount of the animals is 1. On the other hand, the total area of the park is about 27602 meter squares. The  total number of plants was 138010 and there were 27602 animals existed. These information shows that there is a few plants and animals exist in this area because of the pollution. Moreover, the number of plants and animals is not changeable. According to the pollution caused by human being, it is easy to determine that human lead to some severe consequences. For example, the garbage all around the park and nobody clean them, the poor quality of air and water. However, people who live nearby did something to protect this area and to improve the poor environment. Though there are lots of drawbacks, but humans are still try to something for this area so that can make the quality of their life become better. Since different living things have its own habitats and habits so that they live in the different area. By using the quadrant method, it shows some area have more living things than others. Discussion:  The information of the finding part shows the several following things. First of all, the environment is not very well; the quality of water and air is poor, the soil shows the bad consequence of the environment in this area. On the other hand, it shows how human’s impact on the park’s environment, such as throwing garbage anywhere, but also human did some good things to protect the environment. The finding supports the idea of what average people thought. The park is polluted, and it causes the decreasing of the plants and animals. The garbage which was thrown by neighbors who lived nearby also worsens the pollution. Furthermore, some planting areas were destroyed by human as well. The information which given by methodology is very valuable for this research. For example, the Quadrant Method helps to found out the total number of the living plants and animals and it offers a huge convenience. Besides, the observation done by the groups showed how human impact on the local environment. The sense of sight and smell also help to determine the quality of air. The Secchi Disk is not used in this research because the water in the pool was not deep enough. Conclusion:  The information in the findings can prove the thesis statement and the data was used to analysis the human impact on the local environment. As an  artificial park, most of the stuff in there was built by human being. It was a place with high rate of human activities so that there were so much pollution and damage. The high rate of human activities is also the reason there lots of garbage in the park. The information about the park can also be used to help protect the environment of the park. As a citizen of Wuhan, human should try the best to protect the environment and the government should think some solutions such as let some volunteers to clean the park in time and so on. In brief, no matter how poor the environment is, humans should take good care of it. How to cite Local environment in forest park district, Wuhan, Papers

Machiavelli Essays (2514 words) - Fidel Castro, Cuban Revolution

Machiavelli When you speak of Fidel Castro, what do you speak of? The Cuban Leader is not your everyday leader. To fully understand Fidel Castro you must have a firm foundation with which to work from. I will explore the political ideology of Fidel Castro by explaining what is in an ideology, Fidel Castro's background, and his political position both before the Cuban revolution and presently. An ideology is a number of action-oriented, materialistic, popular, and simplistic political theories that were originally developed as an accommodation to the social and economic conditions created by the Industrial Revolution (Baradat 13). The action can be broken into a five-part definition for idealistic purposes. To begin, the term ideology can be used in many contexts, but unless otherwise specified it is proper to give it a political meaning. All ideologies provide an interpretation of the present and a view of the desired future. This desirable future is thought to be attainable in a single lifetime. Each ideology includes a list of specific steps that can be taken to accomplish its goals. Ideologies are oriented towards the masses, and finally, ideologies are simply stated and presented in motivational terms. In speaking of Fidel Castro and his ideologies I will apply these five definitional segments. Many theorists believe Cuban Leader Fidel Castro was directed in his political thought from an early age. He was born on May 13, 1927, on his families sugar plantation in the town of Mayari, Cuba. As a boy, Castro worked on the family plantation, and at age 6 was able to persuade his parents to send him to school. He attended two Jesuit institutions, eventually entering a Jesuit preparatory school; a member of the Roman Catholic Society of Jesus founded by Saint Ignatius Loyola in 1534 and devoted to missionary and educational work. Both through his first hand look at the oppression of individuals and the importance of education help to shape Fidel Castro, and differentiate what was right and wrong. Three years later, in 1945 Castro attended the University of Havana Faculty of Law. That same year he was so fed up with the oppressed working class that he unionized the workers of his father's plantation to fight for a voice in exercising their rights. After graduation from Law School in 1950 be began practicing in Havana with two partners. As a lawyer he devoted himself to helping the poor. Although very active in politics throughout his college career, it was in 1952 that Castro first attempted to run for national politics. Just as Castro intended to campaign for a parliamentary seat, General Fuligenico Batista overthrew the government of President Carlos Prio Socarras in a coup and cancelled the election. Trying to oppose the military dictatorship through peaceful means and failing led Castro to head an armed attack of 165 men, calling themselves the 26th of July Revolutionary Movement. Failing completely through his violent attack, Castro and his brother Raul were taken prisoner until May 1955. After much recruiting, on New Year's Day in 1959 he succeeded in overthrowing the dictatorship of Batista. It was one week later that the United States officially recognized Castro's new government. It was shortly after this time in 1961, and now in power, that Fidel Castro announced to the world that he was a Marxist ?Leninist and would remain so until the last day of his life. The question that arises when you first hear this is what is a Marxist-Leninist ideology and does Fidel Castro qualify to call himself such a thinker. Many theorists argue that Fidel Castro isn't attached to any particular ideology. His only goal is survival and power. Strong evidence pointing to this fact is that Fidel Castro survived the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union. In the case of Castro, however, if you dig enough in search for an underlying ideology, you will find that his thought and action is closer to that of a Marxist- Leninist than to any other ideology. It is for certain that he was a young revolutionist in his preliminary political life. Remember it was he who led the country of Cuba into a revolution against the political power, President Batista, in 1959, believing that change would only happen if he burnt down the political system and rebuilt on its ashes. After the rebellion was over the entire population had to be radicalized, attitudes changed, traditions destroyed, the popular support maintained and deepened, viable organizations and institutions created, and social justice distributed. Fidel Castro in 1967, "The most difficult task was not exactly

The Old Man And The Sea Essays - American Literature, Free Essays

The Old Man And The Sea Essays - American Literature, Free Essays The Old Man And The Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a heroic tale of man's strength pitted against forces he cannot control. It is a story about an old Cuban fisherman and his three-day battle with a giant Marlin. Through the use of three prominent themes; friendship, bravery, and Christianity; the Old Man and the Sea strives to teach important life lessons to the reader while also epitomizing Santiago, the old fisherman, as a Hemingway code hero. The relationship between Santiago and the boy is introduced early in the story. They are unlikely companions; one is old and the other young, yet they share an insuperable amount of respect and loyalty for each other. Santiago does not treat Manolin as a young boy but rather as an equal. Age is not a factor in their relationship. Manolin does not even act as a young boy; he is mature and sensitive to Santiago's feelings. He even offers to disobey his parents and accompany Santiago on his fishing trips. Santiago is viewed as an outcast in his village because he has not caught any fish for more than eighty-four days and is therefore unlucky. Nonetheless Manolin is loyal to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him he wants to help his friend. Their conversations are comfortable, like that of two friends who have known each other for a long time. When they speak it is usually about baseball or fishing, the two things they have most in common. Their favorite team is the Yankees and S antiago never loses faith in them even when the star player, Joe DiMaggio is injured with a heel spur. In this way Santiago not only teaches Manolin about fishing but also about important characteristics such as faith. In the story Santiago's bravery is unsurpassed but it is not until he hooks the great fish that we truly see his valor and perseverance. Through Santiago's actions Hemingway teaches the reader about bravery and tenacity in the face of adversity. He demonstrates that even when all is lost and seems hopeless a faith and willful heart will overcome anything. Santiago had lost his luckiness and therefore the respect of his village. Through the description of his cabin we also suspect that Santiago is a widower. Although Santiago has had many troubles he perseveres. He has faith in Manolin, in the Yankees, in Joe DiMaggio, and most importantly in himself. This is perhaps his greatest attribute because without it he would never have had the strength to persevere and defeat the giant Marlin. Faith is not the only thing that drives his perseverance. Santiago also draws upon his past victories for strength. After he hooks the Marlin he frequently recalls his battle with a native in what he calls the hand game. It is not just an arm wrestling victory for him it is a reminder of his youthful days. His recollections of this event usually proceed a favorite dream of his in which he sees many lions on a peaceful shore. These lions represent him when he is young and strong and could overcome any challenge. Although he is an old man and his body is no longer like it used to be his heart is still great and he eventually defeats the Marlin. Santiago's perseverance and bravery are further illustrated when he tries to fight off the sharks. He was a fisherman all his life and therefore he knows that the fate of his catch is inevitable yet he persists to fight the sharks. The battle between him and the sharks is about principles not a mere fish. Santiago is still a great warrior at hea rt and warriors fight until the end. One of the greatest and most obvious pieces of symbolism in the story is Christianity. From the beginning of the story the reader is shown a unique relationship between Santiago and Manolin. Their relationship parallels that of Christ and his disciples. Manolin is Santiago's disciple and Santiago teaches Manolin about fishing and life. One of the greatest lessons that Santiago gives is that of a simple faith. Have faith in the Yankees my son. This type of faith reflects the basic principles of Christianity. Hemingway's

Elementary School Science Fair Projects

Elementary School Science Fair Projects It can be a challenge to come up with an elementary school science fair project idea thats fun and challenging. Even at the grade-school level, there will be fierce competition to come up with the winning idea- but winning first prize should not be the focus of your childs project. Learning and making the project fun and encouraging a genuine interest in science should be your top priority. Elementary School Science Fair Project Basics Elementary school projects arent supposed to be rocket science (though of course, they can be). Keep in mind, judges will disqualify projects if they suspect parents did too much or all of the work. Part of science is making a reproducible procedure. Resist the temptation to let your child make a display or do a demonstration. Instead, gear the project toward answering a question or solving a problem. Start by finding a video an online tutorial for a project that appeals to your child and then let him or her try to reproduce it. Make sure to follow all directions and safety precautions outlined in the experiment to the letter. Documentation is also essential to the success of your childs project. Keeping careful notes and taking pictures as the project progresses is a great way to document data. These notes should include how well his or her results match those of the original project. How Much Time Should Be Devoted to the Project? Time is a factor that has to be considered for all science projects. Even though the actual number of hours spent to complete any given project may be the same, some science fair projects can be done over the space of a weekend, while others that involve recording data over a period of time (say, 10 minutes per day over the course of a few weeks). Finding out if theres going to be a year-end science fair that your child will be expected to participate in will allow you to plan accordingly. Weekend Projects The following projects can be accomplished fairly quickly. Make sure your child sets a specific goal to be achieved or question they will be attempting to answer. Gather the specific items needed to complete the project in advance. Have your child document the steps in the experiment as they go along and also record his or her conclusion at the end. Try making colored bubbles. Can you color them with food coloring? If so, what differences do you notice between colored bubbles and regular bubbles?Can you predict what things will glow under a black light?Will chilling an onion before cutting it keep you from crying?What ratio of vinegar to baking soda produces the best chemical volcano eruption?Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?Can you make Jell-O using fresh pineapples instead of canned pineapples?Do white candles burn at a different rate than colored candles?Compare using saltwater (a saturated solution of sodium chloride) and freshwater to dissolve Epsom salts. Will the saltwater dissolve the Epsom salts? Does the freshwater or saltwater work more quickly or effectively?Does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?Do different brands of popcorn leave different amounts of unpopped kernels?How do differences in surfaces affect the adhesion of tape?If you shake up different kinds or brands of soft drinks (e.g., carbonated), will they all spew the same amount? Are all potato chips equally greasy (you can crush them to get uniform samples and look at the diameter of a grease spot on brown paper)? Is greasiness different if different oils are used (e.g., peanut versus soybean)?Can you use a household water filter to remove flavor or color from other liquids?Does the power of a microwave affect how well it makes popcorn?If you use invisible ink, does a message appear equally well on all types of paper? Does it matter what type of invisible ink you use?Do all brands of diapers absorb the same amount of liquid? Does it matter what the liquid is (water as opposed to juice or milk)?Do different brands of batteries (same size, new) last equally long? Does changing the device in which the batteries are used (e.g., running a flashlight as opposed to running a digital camera) change the results?Is the nutritional content of different brands of a vegetable (e.g., canned peas) the same? Compare labels.Are permanent markers really permanent? What solven ts (e.g., water, alcohol, vinegar, detergent solution) will remove the ink? Do different brands/types of markers produce the same results? Is laundry detergent as effective if you use less than the recommended amount? More?How does the pH of soil relate to the pH of the water around the soil? You can make your own pH paper, test the pH of the soil, add water, then test the pH of the water. Are the two values the same? If not, is there a relationship between them?Do clear flavored drinks and colored flavored drinks (same flavor) taste the same? Does it matter if you can see the color?What percent of an orange is water? Get an approximate mass percent by weighing an orange, liquefying it in a blender, and measuring the strained liquid. (Note: other liquids, such as oils, will be present in trace amounts.) Alternatively, you could bake the weighed orange until it is dried and weigh it again.Does the temperature of a soda affect how much it sprays?You can refrigerate a soda, warm one in a hot water bath, shake them up, measure how much liquid is sprayed out. How do you explain the results?Do all brands of soda spray the sam e amount when you shake them up? Does it matter if its diet or regular soda? Do all brands of paper towels pick up the same amount of liquid? Compare single sheet of different brands. Be sure to use a teaspoon to measure incremental additions of liquid and record the number accurately. Continue to add liquid until the sheet until it is saturated, let any excess liquid drip off, and then squeeze the liquid from the wet paper towel into a measuring cup. Week-Long Projects These projects may take more than a few days to complete, as the processes they involve dont always happen overnight. If one of these projects interests your child, make sure he or she will have enough time to see it through to its conclusion, and again, make sure they document the steps they take along the way. What type of plastic wrap best prevents evaporation?What plastic wrap best prevents oxidation?Figure out how much of a weeks worth of your familys trash could be recycled. Compare the recyclables against the total amount of trash to determine what percentage is thrown away what could be re-used.Does light affect the rate at which foods spoil?Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread?How does temperature affect the growth of Borax crystals? Crystals can be grown at room temperature, in the refrigerator, or in an ice bath. Growing crystals takes from two to five days. Since boiling water is required to melt the Borax, make sure to supervise your child.What conditions affect the ripening of fruit? Look at ethylene and enclosing a fruit in a sealed bag, temperature, light, or nearness to other pieces or fruit. Plant Germination and Growth (Long-Term Projects) Projects that involve growing plants over a period of time to see how different factors affect growth rate and germination are very popular with kids but they do take time and careful tending. You want your child to be excited by science. If it seems like a chore, they may lose interest. Younger children or those with short attention spans may be better off with a project from which they can see the results more quickly. If your child is good at keeping up with commitments and has the patience to watch things unfold, these projects are excellent examples from which they can learn and draw their scientific conclusions. How do different factors affect seed germination? Factors that you could test include the intensity, duration, or type of light, the temperature, the amount of water, the presence/absence of certain chemicals, or the presence/absence of soil. You can look at the percentage of seeds that germinate or the rate at which seeds germinate.Is a seed affected by its size? Do different size seeds have different germination rates or percentages? Does seed size affect the growth rate or final size of a plant?How does cold storage affect the germination of seeds? Factors you can control include the type of seeds, length of storage, the temperature of storage, light, and humidity.Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth?What is the effect of a chemical on a plant? You can look at natural pollutants (e.g., motor oil, runoff from a busy street) or unusual substances (e.g., orange juice, baking soda). Factors that you can measure include rate of plant growth, leaf size, life/death of the plant, the color of ​the  plant, and its ability to flower/bear fruit. Does magnetism affect the growth of plants? Science Fair Projects Beyond Grade School If your child loves science and is nearing grade school graduation and you want to keep their enthusiasm engaged, you can plan ahead by getting familiar with these science project ideas geared toward more advanced levels of education. Middle School ProjectsHigh School ProjectsCollege Projects